This year the amount of maternity capital has been increased. At the birth of their first child, the state transfers 466 thousand rubles to young parents. And if a second baby was born in 2020, then the amount of maternity capital increases to 616 thousand rubles. This is a lot of money, so the question of what to spend maternity capital on should be considered carefully. Lawyer and family dispute mediator Yuri Kapshtyk .
Where to use maternity capital
It is a mistake to perceive these funds as an allowance that can be spent at your own discretion. The state views the program as a way to improve the living conditions of young families, as well as offset education costs. Therefore, money can only be spent on a limited range of tasks, but it’s up to the parents to decide what exactly.
Buying an apartment, a house. Most families use the funds to purchase spacious housing. When children are born, additional square meters are needed, and the state payment allows you to purchase a larger apartment or house without spending your own money on it. You can buy a home after the child’s third birthday, at whose birth a certificate was received. This rule does not apply to housing purchased on credit: you can pay off the mortgage or make a down payment on it even before the child is three years old, immediately after issuing the certificate.
Starting this year, maternity capital issued at the birth of a third child can only be used to pay off the mortgage.
For construction. The state allows targeted payments to be directed to the construction of a house, repair and reconstruction of existing housing. And even introduced relaxations in this area. If earlier construction was allowed only on plots for individual housing construction, now it is possible to build for budget money on garden plots. The main thing is that the land is owned and permission for work has been obtained. Construction and reconstruction of a house should be planned after the child’s third birthday. The money will not be given immediately: half of the amount will be given after submitting an application for payment, and the other half will be given six months later.
To pay for training. If a child attends a paid kindergarten, then up to the age of three, you can pay for the institution’s services using maternity capital. After this, the amount can continue to be spent on education, not only for the baby at whose birth the certificate was received, but also for other children. For example, pay for kindergarten for a younger child and university education for an older one.
For a subsidy. In 2020, maternity capital became a serious help to low-income families, who were able to receive a monthly amount in the amount of the subsistence minimum to support a child. All families whose income per person does not exceed two minimum wages in Russia (today - 12,130 rubles) can apply for the payment.
The law also allows the use of funds from the mother’s funded pension for the education and adaptation of disabled children.
Features of payment of family capital
The payment procedure today has a number of features, including:
- If the amount of maternity capital is not withdrawn from the account for a long time, then the certificate can subsequently be inherited according to all the rules of inheritance. First, it will go to the disposal of one of the spouses, and then it will be divided in equal shares between the children.
- The certificate for the right to dispose of money expires in the event of the death of the owner, deprivation of parental rights, cancellation of the adoption of a child, etc. In addition, if you spend all the money on the certificate, it will also be terminated.
- Ownership of a certificate can only be confirmed by identification documents.
- You cannot obtain a new certificate if the old one is lost. But if money was not paid on it, then you can get a duplicate from the pension fund.
- Maternity capital is issued only in non-cash form. If you try to cash it out without approval from the pension fund, you may lose the right to dispose of it. A similar situation may arise in this case if you try to invest money for personal purposes not provided for by law.
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Maternity capital is a form of government support for a young family. Under the federal program, a family can receive a payment certificate only once, but under the regional program, the conditions are individual and depend on the decisions of local authorities.
Law No. 256 of December 29, 2006 on state support for families provides that a certificate for maternity capital can be issued only once .
To do this, it is necessary to fulfill the main condition - a second or subsequent child with Russian citizenship must be born or adopted after January 1, 2007 After the birth of a third child, it is not possible re -issue a certificate for federal maternity capital , but in most regions of Russia, in this case, parents can receive regional maternity capital .
If the first child is born (adopted), maternal (family) capital (MSC) cannot . Parents can apply for regional maternity capital for their first-born in the Kamchatka Territory, Magadan and Sakhalin regions.
What is the best way to spend maternity capital in 2020?
Each family has different priorities and parents can, at their own discretion, manage the amount of maternity capital in the areas specified by the state. But there are the most profitable ways to use money.
“In my opinion, the most profitable way to spend maternity capital is to invest it in real estate,” comments lawyer and mediator for family disputes Yuri Kapshtyk. — This is the most established unit, a reliable investment. When you buy a home using maternity capital, you have a property asset that can be improved in the future by adding a certain amount.”
The amount of maternity capital is the same for all Russians and is determined only by the number of children in the family. But real estate prices in the regions are different. If for Moscow the amount of 600 thousand rubles will be only a tenth of the total cost of a spacious apartment, then in a small city this money can pay for half the cost of housing.
“There are no established requirements from the state for living space purchased for this money,” continues Yuri Kapshtyk. - This can be primary or secondary housing, a private house, even in dilapidated condition. If parents have the strength and desire to improve this house, complete it, create good living conditions for themselves and their children, this can be done.”
Current amounts
Since the program was introduced, the amount of payments has increased by more than 80 percent. The last time indexation rules were applied to the amount of maternity capital was in 2020. From this moment on, the size remains unchanged. The reason for this is the inability of the country’s budget to increase the level of assistance for families with children.
With the introduction of maternity capital, the amount was set at a quarter of a million. Until 2020, there was a gradual increase.
Now this value is 453 thousand rubles. Changes in this direction are not expected until 2020. At the regional level, the amount depends on the capabilities of the treasury. The average value is 150 thousand rubles.
How many times you can receive maternity capital is reflected in legal acts. Applying for federal assistance occurs only once. Regions have the right to set a different figure.
Current questions about maternity capital in the following video:
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Maternity capital is a national program to support young families. It provides payment of government subsidies; from 2020, a certificate can be obtained for the birth of not only a second child, but also a first-born. Over the 13 years of implementation of this state subsidy, more than ten million Russian families have received payments.
How to spend maternity capital
Since 2020, at the birth of a child, the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation issues a certificate automatically. Mom does not need to submit documents; the registry office staff will do this. If PFR specialists have questions, they can call and ask for the missing document.
To receive payment you will need to collect the following documents:
- passport;
- child's birth document;
- statement on the disposal of funds indicating what the money will be spent on.
Starting this year, if you plan to spend funds on a mortgage, you do not need to contact the Pension Fund. Documents can be submitted to a bank that participates in the government program and issues a mortgage loan.
If parents want to receive funds from the account as a monthly subsidy, they will need a certificate from their place of employment for the last year and a certificate of income indicating personal income tax. The certificate must be provided by the parent for whom the certificate is issued, since this is a personal document. You can receive a monthly payment until the child’s third birthday, and the rest of the amount can be spent on housing or education for the children.
How long after the birth of a child can you use maternity capital?
In connection with the introduction of changes by the Government of the Russian Federation of November 27, 2010 No. 937 to the “Rules for the allocation of funds (part of the funds) of maternal (family) capital for the improvement of housing conditions,” families can direct maternal capital funds for the construction or reconstruction of residential premises without the involvement of a contractor organization , as well as for compensation of costs for the construction or reconstruction of an individual housing construction project.
When purchasing a home with a mortgage, it is owned by the bank until the last payment is made, immediately after which it becomes the joint possession of the children and their parents. In order to protect the rights of children, the law requires that when concluding an agreement with a bank, the client must present an obligation certified by a notary to jointly own housing together with children immediately after its acquisition.
How long after the birth of a child can you receive maternity capital?
Therefore, when buying an apartment on the secondary market, it is important to check whether maternity capital was used during its purchase. And if it was used, but the distribution of shares was not formalized, and permission from the guardianship was not obtained, it is better to refuse the purchase.
- purchase of an apartment or house entirely using funds from the certificate. This option is relevant mainly for residents of small settlements.
- Buying a home partly using allocated funds, and partly from your own, in which payment is made immediately.
- Payment of one of the installments when purchasing a home.
- Purchasing an apartment in a new building under an equity participation agreement.
- Participation in a housing cooperative.
- Construction, landscaping and reconstruction.
You will be allowed to use maternity capital to buy a home immediately after the birth of a child.
In their opinion, the situation in which maternity capital can be obtained immediately only in case of repayment of a loan or loan for the purchase of housing forces families to enter into mortgage agreements without the need, thereby overpaying for housing, enriching banks and other credit organizations.
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Currently, the right to receive maternity capital can be exercised 3 years from the date of birth or adoption of the second, third child or subsequent children. The only exceptions are cases when maternity capital is needed to pay off mortgage debt News Service | January 24, 2014
