Overhaul - what is it?
- Good afternoon! Major repairs are a relatively new type of expense on a receipt, which is why it still raises so many questions among payers. Looking ahead, I will answer right away - you need to pay for major repairs.
The Housing Code of the Russian Federation gives the following definition to overhaul - this is a set of works carried out to restore structures, elements, replace utility networks and even some load-bearing elements. Major repairs also include updating common house and yard property (provided that the yard is subject to the control of the management company and not the municipality).
Examples of actions within the framework of a major overhaul: installation of a new elevator cabin, replacement of common house metering devices (meters), installation of PVC windows in the entrance, insulation and waterproofing of walls, alignment of partitions, landscaping of adjacent areas, etc.
In other words, the service carrying out major repairs is responsible for the comfortable living of residents, as well as planned and emergency renovations of a residential building.
I believe it, I don't believe it. Who controls repairs on heating networks?
Incoming control
Pipes, valves, compensators and other equipment for repairs regularly arrive at the warehouses of SGK's heating network divisions.
Everything that arrives for storage undergoes incoming inspection. It is carried out by SGC specialists from the technical supervision service of heating networks and employees responsible for carrying out repairs. The very first thing is a visual inspection: are there any surface defects, what is the condition of the pipe edges, diameter, wall thickness, curvature. They also check the quantity and labeling so that everything corresponds to the declared parameters and certificates. Shut-off valves of large diameters are not enough to simply inspect and check against documents. It is sent for high pressure testing to ensure that at the right time it will withstand the pressure of hot water in the heating network. After inspection, an acceptance certificate is drawn up and signed. There are quality violations - materials are sent back class=”aligncenter” width=”800″ height=”295″[/img]
Preparing the repair area
At this stage, the exact location where the communications will be opened is determined, as well as the repair period.
Documents with this information are prepared by SGC specialists, and checked and approved by city administration employees. If the repair site is located on the roadway, approval from the traffic police is also required. They ensure that there are guardrails, warning signs, safe detours for cars or bridges for pedestrians.
When all requirements are taken into account, a warrant is issued to carry out excavation work. You can start renovating!
Carrying out repairs
Major repairs of the heating network can last several months. But each stage is planned in terms of time and volume, and SGC specialists control whether everything is going according to plan. There is always a designated manager on site, he monitors and is responsible for all employees and all work.
Repairs are controlled by:
- The SGC technical supervision service visits the site several times a week. Its specialists check that the technology for installing pipes and other equipment is followed, that all work corresponds to the project and fits within the allotted time frame;
- SGC employees responsible for occupational safety also regularly visit the repair site. They check workwear, personal protective equipment, tools, etc.;
- A traffic police officer can also come to the repair site to check whether all signs and fences are in place;
- Representatives of the city administration may come to check. In Kemerovo, for example, the head of the city often goes to repair areas of heating networks.
The results of each check: everything is in order or there are violations, deviations - are recorded in a special journal. A deadline must be set for eliminating the identified violations, and then the inspection follows again.
At all heating network repair sites, SGK places banners and a facility passport with detailed information: who is carrying out the work, what is being repaired, and when it will be completed. There is also information about the person in charge and a contact phone number. Citizens have questions, comments, complaints - they can and should call.
Acceptance of repairs
When everything is ready, a whole commission goes to the site to accept the work. They look at everything: how the pipes were installed and welded, how the trays were laid, how the valves and compensators were installed.
Everything is in order - they sign the act. No - for finishing or alteration. For violation of deadlines, the work manager will receive a fine.
Improvement after renovation
After repair, the site must be completely restored: fill the trench with gravel, lay asphalt, restore curbs, and restore the lawn.
As a rule, SGK hires contractors for these works. City administration employees monitor the quality of the improvement done and, if there are no comments, accept the site. Improvement guarantee - 2 years.
Technical inspection of repairs
After major repairs of the pipeline, its technical examination is carried out.
This is done by specialists from an expert organization. They check the documentation from each stage of repair, the materials that were used, certificates for them, work technology, etc. Based on the results of this procedure, the repaired section of the heating network receives a new technical passport. This document is checked by Rostekhnadzor specialists during scheduled examinations of industrial safety of heating networks.
This is how they control the repair of heating networks. But it’s impossible to put old pipes back - they simply aren’t in SGC’s warehouses.
Where do the funds come from?
Many people believe that the state allocates funds for major repairs of residential premises. This was the case during the USSR, when most of the apartments belonged to the state, and the privatization procedure changed the payment procedure.
Now, apartments are the property of citizens, and, therefore, the responsibility for maintaining both square meters of residential premises and common property lies on the shoulders of the owners.
The owner answers:
- behind the attic;
- for the basement;
- for the entrance;
- for local areas.
Breakdown of the heating system in an apartment building: when responsibility falls on the management company, and when the owner of the premises is to blame
What he really is?
A capital repair fund for the common property of apartment buildings in Russia is created in each apartment building, and this is not news.
But not every resident of an apartment building has any idea what the capital repair fund is .
An explanation is provided by Article 170 of the Housing Code of our country. The capital repair fund for a single multi-storey building is a total financial mass, which consists of several components, which we will talk about in a separate paragraph.
The fund for capital repairs of common property in apartment buildings is an account in which funds are located . Representatives of homeowners' associations or housing cooperatives, as well as government agencies, have access to funds, but only after permission from residents and provision of an estimate plan.
The fund for capital repairs of residential buildings is under strict control, both from the management organization and the state.
Therefore, if residents doubt that their money is being spent unlawfully, it is these bodies that can report to you on all expenses .
What happens if you don't pay?
In Art. 169 of the RF Housing Code contains the following excerpt:
“Owners of premises in an apartment building are required to pay monthly contributions for major repairs of common property in an apartment building, except for the cases provided for in Part 2 of this article, Part 8 of Art. 170 and part 5 of Art. 181 of this Code, in the amount established in accordance with Part 8.1. Art. 156 of this Code, or, if the corresponding decision is made by the general meeting of owners of premises in an apartment building, in a larger amount.”
Thus, contributions for major repairs are mandatory, and in the absence of receipts from the owner to the account of the regional operator, penalties, interest or other types of sanctions may be applied.
Methods for generating an invoice for major repairs of common property of an apartment building
Apartment owners themselves can choose the option of forming an MKD Overhaul Fund. There are 2 legal options, each of which has a number of advantages and disadvantages.
Regional operator
A regional operator is a non-profit organization that operates in a certain region of the country to manage financial and organizational issues related to the repair of apartment buildings. Each Fund has its own official website.
Since an organization is defined as a non-profit, it is created solely to perform a specific function and not to make a profit. This means that all contributions that residents pay for major repairs must go into the money supply, which will be spent for clearly designated purposes.
Many owners consider the disadvantage of such an organization to be the fact that the money goes into the treasury not of a specific house, but of the entire city, and at the time when this particular house needs restoration, the accumulated funds may not be available. But the organization sets approximate deadlines for each house and residents can follow the planning of repairs in their house on the official website of the regional Overhaul Fund. For details on how to find out by address when a major overhaul is planned, read this article.
Special account
If the owners at the general meeting chose a special account as a method of forming the Capital Repair Fund, then they will have to determine the following nuances:
- the amount of the monthly contribution for major repairs;
- who will be the owner of the special account;
- specific credit institution where the special account will be opened.
In this case, the credit institution must meet certain rules. Experts advise choosing the second method of forming a Capital Repair Fund for houses where renovations have been carried out recently or for new buildings. The significant amount of time that is available will help the owners accumulate a sufficient amount of money for restoration work in the future.
Major renovation
Major repairs are a set of measures to optimize the technical condition of a building or structure. This is the most in-depth repair intervention in all systems and communications, as well as their complete replacement (if necessary). Only that intervention can be considered capital, after which the technical indicators of the repaired object will be considered as close as possible to the original ones.
Each subject of the Russian Federation has a regional overhaul program. It defines the deadlines for each apartment building, and the order in which the work will be performed determines the technical condition of the structure, service life and general deterioration of communications. At the moment, the existence of this program is expected until 2043 . It is also possible to request a decision on early overhaul for one reason or another. The verdict on the need for reconstruction for objective reasons must be made by a meeting of residents.
It is important to understand that the article describes the most basic situations and does not take into account a number of technical issues. To solve your particular problem, get legal advice on housing issues by calling the hotlines:
How is the fund formed?
The fund for the overhaul of apartment buildings does not replenish itself. This involves a certain circle of people who are interested in carrying out repair work.
Article 169 of the Housing Code tells us about who makes contributions to this fund, as well as how funds are generated in this structure.
The first and obligatory payers are persons living in an apartment building and being the owners. They pay contributions for major housing repairs every month.
The amount of contributions for each individual apartment is individual, because it is calculated depending on the total footage.
The second category of citizens who also help form a home overhaul fund are defaulters. As a rule, the law in Article 155 of the Housing Code applies penalties to persistent defaulters, which grow from month to month.
In the end, the court obliges the defaulter to repay the debt one-time, and may also apply other sanctions. Money collected in excess from the defaulter also goes to the capital repair fund.
The third cash flow is formed from subsidies and grants from the local government, which can provide funds within the framework of one of the regional programs (regional or federal capital repair assistance fund).
Owners who want to quickly begin major renovations, but are forced to wait due to lack of funds, can also make an additional contribution by taking out a loan or contributing their own funds.
Capital repair tax
The obligation to pay receipts for major repairs begins from the moment the residential building is added to the queue. The tax is not levied on citizens living in dilapidated housing and real estate alienated in favor of the state. Federal Law No. 273 states a special federal list of persons entitled to benefits. The government is discussing an initiative to introduce an exception - a complete abolition of the tax on capital repairs from people whose age has exceeded 80 years, but subject to the complete absence of relatives. The essence of the idea is simple - do not take a fee from the owners of real estate, which after their death will go to the state.
