Overhaul of the heating system of an apartment building: heat supply, overhaul of water in the apartment building

Carrying out work to ensure heat supply in apartment buildings

The main regulations that should be relied upon when resolving issues related to the restoration of the heating system:

Decree of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation No. 170 “On approval of the Rules and Standards for the Technical Operation of the Housing Stock” (hereinafter referred to as PG of the Russian Federation No. 170) defines the types of repair work, the rules and regulations for their implementation, the list of works and who carries out them.
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 491 (hereinafter referred to as RF PP No. 491) defines the “common property” of MKD. Details the elements to be repaired depending on the degree of wear. Regulates organizational issues.
The Housing Code (hereinafter referred to as the Housing Code of the Russian Federation) explains the sources of financing for repairs and the features of contractual relations.

In accordance with clause 1.8 of the RF PG N 170, the following types of repairs can be carried out to maintain engineering systems in proper condition:

Let’s determine what their difference is, and what conditions create the prerequisites for each type of repair.

Capital works

Major repairs are a set of measures aimed at eliminating breakdowns of worn-out structural elements of the heating supply of apartment buildings, which are part of the common property. At the same time, work is being carried out to replace or restore them in order to bring them to current operational standards (Article 2 of Federal Law No. 185-FZ).

Prerequisites for carrying out a major overhaul of the heating system:

development of the service life established by the standards (service life of steel heat supply communications - 25 years);
a situation arises when individual space heating elements that are in common ownership violate the established maximum permissible reliability characteristics and create a safety hazard (clause 21 of RF PP No. 491).

What is included in the work to restore heat supply during a major overhaul (clause 7.2 STO NOSTROY 2.33.120-2013):

Complete or partial replacement of intra-house heat supply lines, including risers, branches from risers into the apartment.
Replacement of control and shut-off valves, including on the branches of risers to heating devices in apartments.
Replacement of radiators in common areas (entrances, basements).
Selective replacement of heating radiators in residents' apartments - in the absence of shut-off devices.

The last point of the above list is the most controversial. The fact is that heating radiators, in accordance with clause 6 of RF PP No. 491, are classified as common property, that is, those that serve more than one premises (Article 36 of the RF Housing Code). This means that residents who carry out repairs can theoretically qualify for a free replacement.

In practice, the owner of an apartment during restoration work can try to replace his heating device free of charge only if there are no disconnecting devices on the apartment riser, which will allow the radiator to be recognized as part of the general heating system.

Issues of organizing and carrying out major repairs of the heat supply system in the apartment building are entrusted to the management company. The work can be carried out either by a contractor or with the help of the company’s own personnel with the conclusion of a contract. The latter is more beneficial for residents, as it provides more guarantees against possible quality claims.

Current replacement of elements

It is carried out in a planned manner in order to prevent wear and tear of structural elements related to common property (clause 18 of RF PP No. 491).

The frequency of routine repairs for the heat supply system is not established by law. Repairs are carried out once every few years when deficiencies are identified during scheduled or seasonal inspections and require elimination.

Frequency of central heating inspections:

scheduled - once a year (Appendix 1 of the RF PG N 170);
seasonal - 2 times a year: in spring and autumn (clause 13.1 of RF Regulation No. 491).

Legal implementation of this type of repair is possible in two ways:

The decision on repairs is made by the general meeting of residents on the basis of an inspection report if the residents of the apartment building wish to independently organize the work (clause 14, clause 18 of RF PP No. 491). The contractor is selected by the homeowners.
Heating restoration work is carried out automatically, without the participation of residents. The contractor is the service organization to which the responsibilities for monitoring the heating network in the house are delegated.

The list of works during routine repairs includes the following measures for the restoration and replacement of individual elements of central heating (clause 11 of appendix 7 of the Russian Federation State Regulation No. 170 and clause 11 of appendix 2 of MDK 2-04.2004):

Restoration or replacement of individual sections of risers, pipelines, shut-off and control mechanisms.
Hydraulic testing of the heating system.
Restoring the integrity of thermal insulation.
Replacement of individual pumps or electric motors.
Replacement of individual sections of heating devices.
Partial replacement of sections of cast iron boilers, fittings, chimneys in the boiler room (if any).

Responsibilities for carrying out routine heating repairs “by default” are assigned to the management organization with which the owners of the apartment buildings have entered into a corresponding agreement (clause 16 of RF PP No. 491).

Troubleshooting

Emergency work on the heat supply system of an apartment building is carried out with the aim of urgently restoring the functionality of the heating system in the event of an accident. In accordance with paragraph 3 of Appendix 1 of MDK 2-04.2004, emergency maintenance of central heating includes the following activities:

eliminating leaks in pipes, risers, heating radiators by sealing connections;
repair or replacement of emergency shut-off valves;
repair of emergency sections of the pipeline by repairing or replacing pipes;
replacement of emergency pipeline sections up to 2 m long;
welding work to the extent necessary to eliminate the malfunction.

Emergency faults of pipelines and connections in heat supply systems must be eliminated immediately (Appendix 2 of the RF PG No. 170).

Emergency heating work is included in the housing maintenance fee (Appendix 1 MDK 2-04.2004).

Who performs emergency work:

during working hours, troubleshooting should be done by plumbers of management companies or housing offices servicing apartment buildings;
during non-working hours, weekends and holidays - emergency repair services of organizations involved in servicing the housing stock (clause 7.7 of the RF PG No. 170).

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Where to start overhauling electrical equipment in an apartment building

This approach is justified by the norms of Section VIII of the Housing Code “Management of Apartment Buildings”: the person managing an apartment building is responsible to the owners of the premises in the apartment building for the provision of all services and (or) performance of work that ensure the proper maintenance of the common property in this building. Since major repairs are an integral part of the proper maintenance of common property in an apartment building, the organization managing the building is responsible for its implementation. Such an organization is a “performer of major repairs”, responsible to the owners of premises in an apartment building for its implementation, and the owners of the premises pay it for the repairs carried out. The organization that manages the house independently decides on the issues of attracting contractors, concluding contracts with them and monitoring their work. Secondly, when forming a capital repair fund in a special account, the owners have the right to independently determine the amount of money that can be spent on major repairs. Unlike the regional operator, property owners are not limited by the maximum cost of work and (or) services for major repairs of common property in apartment buildings, approved by a resolution of the Moscow Government. If there are insufficient funds in a special account, the owners of the premises have the right to establish additional contributions and attract credits (loans) from any organizations and individuals to finance capital repairs, if they make an appropriate decision at the general meeting.

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Cost of replacement as part of a major overhaul

The legislation of the Russian Federation places the burden of payment for major repairs of apartment buildings (including replacement of heating) on apartment owners.

Is this included in the payments for major repairs?

Since 2014, residents must transfer funds monthly to a special fund, from which capital repairs are subsequently paid (Article 169 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation). The amount of contributions for each owner is calculated individually by multiplying the tariff established in the region by the total area of the apartment. The law does not provide for a separate fee for major heating repairs.

Both current and major heating repairs are similar in that they are carried out as planned, but differ in scale and goals. Central heating elements that are in common ownership of the apartment building residents are subject to restoration work. The ultimate goal of the repair is the safe operation of the heating system.

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A major overhaul of the heating system in an apartment building becomes relevant when there are frequent complaints from residents about the unsatisfactory quality of the services provided, in case of various leaks, or due to the old age of the equipment. Depending on the expected problems, various types of work are performed, the main task of which is to maintain the heating unit in proper condition.

Flushing the heating system in an apartment building

Is a project required to overhaul the power supply of the microdistrict?

Yes, therefore, even without delving into the regulations, you can say that the project will be required. The issue of approving the project with Rostechnadzor most likely will not arise (most likely), but the issue of examination (state examination) of the project is a very pressing issue, and we need to focus on this.

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According to urban planning, design documentation is required. At least to the extent that drawings and diagrams are needed. At least in the form of a working draft. And moreover, commissioning is needed as a separate section of the estimate documentation. And commissioning is confirmed by a measurement protocol from a licensed laboratory. This is ideal. If it’s reconstruction, then there’s also an examination of the design documentation.

Types of repair work of heating systems

Types of heating repairs in an apartment building can be divided into the following categories:

Maintenance. The main part of the search for problems for this type of work is carried out during routine inspections of equipment in preparation for the heating season. During the period of special audits, minor defects in the system are identified, which are corrected taking into account the technical characteristics of the heating unit;
major heating repairs are carried out after a certain period of operation of the building and include the dismantling and installation of new components instead of failed units. Here pipes, radiators, valves and other elements of the system can be changed;
emergency repair. It is carried out urgently and includes work to eliminate emergency situations. This may include measures to eliminate various leaks that may appear as a result of ruptures in riser pipes, elevator plugs, or freezing of a piece of the system.

Preparatory work for the heating season is carried out during the shutdown of the system during the summer break in equipment operation. Water is drained from the structure, which makes it possible to carry out repairs without harm to the residents of the house.

Heating system of an apartment building

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It turns out that the entire package of documents testified to the alleged major repairs of the apartment building No. 154 on the embankment. can. Griboyedov in St. Petersburg and, according to the Administration of St. Petersburg, was destroyed many years ago, was in the prosecutor's office of St. Petersburg and was provided to Alexander for review on February 25, 2014, on the third day of familiarization with the materials of supervisory proceedings 7-3177-2011 on appeals addressed to the prosecutor of St. Petersburg Litvinenko Sergei Ivanovich.

One of the main problems that Alexander Skurkis brings to the attention of the authorities and the public is the situation related not only to the large-scale falsification by current officials of the Administration of St. Petersburg of the election of management companies in the Admiralteysky district of the city, but also to the conduct by them, officials and commercial structures affiliated with them in the housing and communal services sector, supposedly “major repairs” of apartment buildings. This topic is now relevant for the entire population of Russia, because in the coming years the cost of “major repairs” is going to be imposed on homeowners.

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Maintenance

In preparation for the heating season, specialists from housing maintenance offices must carry out inspections of heating systems annually. But due to lack of personnel and funding, such events are often simply ignored. As a result, repair work can begin only after a written request from the residents of the house to higher authorities or after receiving a complaint. In the latter case, a commission is created and the following types of heating system repairs are performed:

checking the operation of the elevator unit of the building and then resetting all valves and gate valves. If necessary, these parts are replaced with new ones. This can also include replacing oil seals and lubrication of rods;
during the inspection of shut-off valves, worn gaskets are replaced;
When repairing valves, spacer wedges are restored by grinding in the mirrors, replacing the pressure rings and restoring the rods. Purchasing new valves is not rational, they are very expensive, so this part will be repaired until the last minute.

A cast iron valve by its appearance will never indicate the need for repair, therefore, during routine repairs, the following types of work of a similar plan are carried out:

checking the locking mechanisms of risers. If these elements are not working properly, then at the slightest damage or leak, it will be necessary to reset the entire house, and this is dangerous during winter frosts and can result in freezing of the system in many areas of the entrance;
After certain periods of time, it is also necessary to check the fastening of the locknuts. This measure is necessary due to the fading of technical flax, and houses in which sealing was carried out with materials that are not afraid of fading were built in the last century.

But the main work of the team for routine heating repairs in an apartment building is to fully service the system, start it up and eliminate air jams during heating start-up, if residents from the upper apartments cannot do this on their own.

But to avoid bureaucratic delays, contracts are usually concluded between a home maintenance organization and its own repair teams. Workers carry out repairs during personal weekends or vacations. At the same time, the contractors themselves are interested in high-quality performance of the work, because in the event of unsatisfactory repairs, the consequences will have to be eliminated by them. During a major overhaul, the following types of work are performed:

complete or partial replacement of heating lines or risers;
complete or selective replacement of heating devices;
replacement or installation of a new locking part of the elevator unit;
complete or partial replacement of heating spills.

Types of repair work

There are three main categories of heating system repairs.

Emergency. The goal is to restore the functionality of the heating system after, as you might guess, an accident: a break in the riser, a separation of the radiator line, defrosting of the access heating.
Current. Here we are talking about identifying and eliminating minor faults, routine checks of shut-off valves, their inspection and replacement. Some minor faults are identified by apartment residents, some are discovered during scheduled inspections, and some are discovered during the preparation of the heating system for the heating season.

Please note: the bulk of the current work on preparing heating equipment is carried out in the summer, after flushing has been completed and circulation has stopped.

Major repairs involve complete or partial replacement of heating equipment. This may include dismantling all pipes and replacing them with metal-plastic ones, or simply replacing, for example, radiator plates whose service life has expired.

Half measures are clearly not enough here.

We will look at them in this order.

Problems and solutions

Emergency repairs

Let's take a look at the most common problems faced by emergency locksmith teams and their typical solutions.

There is no heating through the riser. The work begins with checking the condition of valves and discharges: often the cause is uncoordinated repair work carried out by residents and hired workers. If they are in working position, the risers are moved to discharge in both directions to localize the problem.

The cause is often a piece of slag in a pipe bend or a stuck screw valve. Finally, if water passes freely through the riser, you just have to go up to the top floor and bleed the air there.

Fistula in the heating pipe. If there is no threat of complete destruction of the riser or liner, the emergency crew simply applies a bandage, eliminating the leak. Welding work is carried out by a maintenance team.
The locknut in front of the radiator is leaking. When the riser is dropped, the threads are rewound. If it is destroyed by corrosion, the connection on the liner is replaced by welding or manual threading.
Heavy leakage between sections of radiators. Its cause can only be a burst nipple. After resetting the risers, the radiator is dismantled and rebuilt.
The flush valve does not close after flushing the radiator. The riser is reset, after which the gasket on the tap is changed.
The entrance heating has been defrosted and hot water is supplied to the entrance. After disconnecting the riser, the damaged sections are dismantled, and the remaining part of the radiator is started. If necessary, the emergency service performs welding work to restore connections, registers, etc.

Defrosted access heating radiator. Here it is enough to disconnect the last sections.

Maintenance

Now let's look at the repair of heating systems, which is carried out by workers of housing and communal services in preparation for the heating season.

Let's be realistic: in the current state of housing and communal services, with an acute shortage of personnel and service standards that have increased many times since the collapse of the Union, some of this work is not carried out regularly. Unfortunately, now we are talking about an unattainable ideal.

Inspection of shut-off valves in the elevator heating unit. Within its framework, the operation of all relief and control valves and gate valves is checked and, if necessary, their repair. In addition, periodic maintenance is performed: oil seals are filled and rods are lubricated.

Repair of valves in most cases involves a simple replacement of the gasket, which, with a minimum of skills, even a beginner can easily do with his own hands; but inspection and repair of valves is much more difficult.

If necessary, the spacer wedge between the cheeks is replaced or welded, mirrors in the body and on the cheeks are ground in, the rod is restored, the pressure ring on the seal is replaced, and many other works are performed. The price of a new valve is high enough to make the time investment worth it.

Inspection of a cast iron valve on a stand. To be honest, from its appearance it is difficult to assume that it needs repairs.

Inspection and, again, repair of shut-off valves on risers is an equally important task. If they malfunction, in order to eliminate a trivial leak, you have to reset the entire house, which in severe frosts can lead to defrosting of sections of the circuit (primarily the entrances).
Rewinding the locknuts on the risers is also required at certain intervals. Plumbing linen fades over time; Unfortunately, the last houses in which the threads were sealed with non-fading flax with drying oil and red lead were commissioned in the late sixties.
Replacing heating risers, eliminating various small pipe leaks and welds between them is another eternal problem. The elimination method is chosen according to the circumstances: in an apartment, a small fistula is usually welded, and a section of the pipe heavily damaged by corrosion is replaced entirely. In the basement, minor fistulas are most often bandaged - with a clamp with a gasket or even just a piece of thick rubber and a piece of annealed wire.
Finally, the responsibilities of the current repair teams include servicing the heating system: starting and stopping the heating, removing air pockets (of course, in cases where residents of the upper floors cannot do this on their own) and annual hydropneumatic flushing of the heating.

Overhaul

There is a certain procedure for concluding contracts for major heating repairs:

A defective list is drawn up for the upcoming overhaul with an indicative list of work and materials;

Here is a sample of such a document. Judging by its contents, we are talking about a partial replacement of shut-off valves in the elevator unit.

A tender is announced for the supply of equipment and (or) the actual repair. Any municipal or private enterprise can participate in it, if “heating system repair” was indicated in the list of services offered during registration (OKDP code 453).
An agreement is concluded with the organization that wins the tender, including a full list of services provided, the procedure for calculation and control, guarantees and responsibilities of the parties and a dozen more, no doubt, very important points.
Then several weeks or months of work may, depending on the result, end in mutual satisfaction of the parties or scandals and litigation.

However, in practice, the contract is often concluded between the service organization and its own emergency or routine repair teams, which carry out repair work during vacations and weekends. The practice can only be approved: the performer has a very strong incentive to do his job well, since he will have to solve the problems of poor quality performance.

What work can be performed as part of a major overhaul? Their list is small:

Complete or partial replacement of risers and heating lines.
Complete or selective replacement of heating devices.
Replacement of the entire elevator unit or shut-off valves in it.
Full or partial replacement of heating spills.

Of course, all work is carried out in the summer, outside the heating season.

The photo shows the elevator unit in the process of installation.

Conclusion

The video attached to the article will tell you what different stages of repair work might look like. We hope that the information contained herein will be useful.

Warm winters!

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Source: https://www.teplo-ltd.ru/otoplenie/kapitalnyj-remont-sistemy-otopleniya-mnogokvartirnogo-doma.html

Emergency repair

The name alone makes it clear that emergency work is carried out in situations where urgent assistance is required. Among the most common problems of this kind are:

no riser heating. First, the locking mechanisms and valves are inspected; sometimes uncoordinated actions between residents and utility services lead to them simply being closed;
There is no full water supply to the system. The cause may be an extra object getting into one of the pipes. It could be a piece of rust or slag stuck on a bend in the pipeline. After its elimination, the air is vented from the upper floors, and the system is put into operation;
leak detection. If there is no threat of destruction, then the brigade’s responsibilities include the task of applying a fastening bandage to eliminate the leak. Next, welding work will be carried out by maintenance specialists.

When the system freezes, the entire riser is turned off and the location of the problem is carefully calculated; after it is detected, the pipe is heated to remove the cause of the malfunction.

Residential building power supply rules

The location for the distribution panel (built-in or mounted) should be convenient, dry, and not prone to flooding.
The shield should be located no closer than 1 meter from gas and water pipes (PUE - 7.1.28).
Without waterproofing, it is prohibited to place a shield over a bathhouse, bathroom, or kitchen (PUE - 7.1.29).
For combustible walls, shields are made fireproof.
Separate distribution devices can be installed in garages, utility rooms, workshops and for street lighting (PUE - 7.1.22).

Wiring along the walls (inside and outside) is laid vertically or horizontally, without coming into contact with metal structures.
Switches are installed 60-140 cm from the floor. When opened, the door does not interfere with access to them. The wire is laid from top to bottom.
The distance from the floor to the sockets is 50-80 cm. The wire is pulled from the bottom up. One socket per 6 m2 is recommended, not counting the kitchen. There are no sockets in the toilet. The sockets must be at least 50 cm away from heating appliances, gas stoves, and electric sockets.
Distribution wires and careful insulation are provided for wire connections.

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Types of repair work of heating systems

Types of heating repairs in an apartment building can be divided into the following categories:

Maintenance. The main part of the search for problems for this type of work is carried out during routine inspections of equipment in preparation for the heating season. During the period of special audits, minor defects in the system are identified, which are corrected taking into account the technical characteristics of the heating unit;
major heating repairs are carried out after a certain period of operation of the building and include the dismantling and installation of new components instead of failed units. Here pipes, radiators, valves and other elements of the system can be changed;
emergency repair. It is carried out urgently and includes work to eliminate emergency situations. This may include measures to eliminate various leaks that may appear as a result of ruptures in riser pipes, elevator plugs, or freezing of a piece of the system.

Preparatory work for the heating season is carried out during the shutdown of the system during the summer break in equipment operation. Water is drained from the structure, which makes it possible to carry out repairs without harm to the residents of the house.

Heating system of an apartment building

What is included in the list of works

The money contributed to the fund by the owners is distributed and directed to the numerous needs of the MKD . To better understand what kind of repair work a management company can provide, let’s look at the law.

List of repairable MKD elements related to major repairs according to the new law:

Facades and walls. Namely:
Glazing of balconies is carried out,
Repair and insulation of the facade of an apartment building,
Noise insulation,
Repair of canopies of an apartment building or external walls of elevators, etc.
Roofs and attics:
Fireproof and/or antiseptic roofing treatment,
Attic and roof repair,
Restoration of ventilation systems, parapet grating trays, etc.
Foundation and basements:
Restoration of the foundation and entrances to the basement:
Antiseptic treatment of house structures.
Staircases, entrance doors, elevators and garbage chute hatches.
Water pipes:
Partial and/or complete replacement of water supply pipes and heating systems.
Sewerage.
Gas supply:
Replacement and/or relocation of pipes,
Replacement of old gas equipment with new ones.
Power supply:
Repair of electrical panels,
Installation of automatic and/or emergency lighting.
Fire safety system.
Improvement of entrances and local areas.

Maintenance

checking the operation of the elevator unit of the building and then resetting all valves and gate valves. If necessary, these parts are replaced with new ones. This can also include replacing oil seals and lubrication of rods;
during the inspection of shut-off valves, worn gaskets are replaced;
When repairing valves, spacer wedges are restored by grinding in the mirrors, replacing the pressure rings and restoring the rods. Purchasing new valves is not rational, they are very expensive, so this part will be repaired until the last minute.

A cast iron valve by its appearance will never indicate the need for repair, therefore, during routine repairs, the following types of work of a similar plan are carried out:

checking the locking mechanisms of risers. If these elements are not working properly, then at the slightest damage or leak, it will be necessary to reset the entire house, and this is dangerous during winter frosts and can result in freezing of the system in many areas of the entrance;
After certain periods of time, it is also necessary to check the fastening of the locknuts. This measure is necessary due to the fading of technical flax, and houses in which sealing was carried out with materials that are not afraid of fading were built in the last century.

Major renovation

Before carrying out major work, first of all, a contract is concluded and a statement is drawn up, which sets out guidelines for the necessary materials and costs. Noi contracts are concluded in accordance with a strict procedure:

The first step is to announce a tender for a more advantageous offer for the supply of materials, works or equipment. All enterprises providing this type of service can take part in the tender;
after all tender registrations have been completed, contracts are concluded with a full list of future work, costs and guarantees laid out;
after repairs are completed, depending on the satisfaction of the parties, payment is made or, if the outcome is poor, the case is sent to court.

complete or partial replacement of heating lines or risers;
complete or selective replacement of heating devices;
replacement or installation of a new locking part of the elevator unit;
complete or partial replacement of heating spills.

Emergency repair

The name alone makes it clear that emergency work is carried out in situations where urgent assistance is required. Among the most common problems of this kind are:

no riser heating. First, the locking mechanisms and valves are inspected; sometimes uncoordinated actions between residents and utility services lead to them simply being closed;
There is no full water supply to the system. The cause may be an extra object getting into one of the pipes. It could be a piece of rust or slag stuck on a bend in the pipeline. After its elimination, the air is vented from the upper floors, and the system is put into operation;
leak detection. If there is no threat of destruction, then the brigade’s responsibilities include the task of applying a fastening bandage to eliminate the leak. Next, welding work will be carried out by maintenance specialists.

When the system freezes, the entire riser is turned off and the location of the problem is carefully calculated; after it is detected, the pipe is heated to remove the cause of the malfunction.

What applies to major repairs of utility networks?

Thus, the engineering systems of an apartment building include:

Overhaul of water supply and wastewater systems.
Heating system. Most apartments have traditional radiators, which heat up when stable low temperatures arrive.
Sewerage.
Electricity.
Ventilation system.
Elevator system.
Low-current networks, thanks to which it becomes possible to use the Internet, television, etc.

However, in order for all engineering systems to function in the correct mode, i.e. without failures, it is necessary to carry out certain work aimed at maintaining the condition of the vital systems of an apartment building.

Some of them are carried out on a regular basis and are ongoing, while some work is classified as capital. For example, a major overhaul of electrical wiring in an apartment building is being carried out. To make it clearer, let’s look at this classification in more detail.

Forum for electricians, installers, power engineers, designers

The house is planning a major overhaul of the electrical system. The project provides for the replacement of ASU, replacement of floor panels, replacement of automatic switches, replacement of inputs into apartments up to the apartment control panel. Nothing changes in the apartment itself, i.e. the two-wire system remains. And the question arose: is it necessary to switch from TN-C to TN-CS with the division of the PEN conductor into PE and N in the ASU or should the TN-C system remain. Thank you in advance.

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Current and major work in an apartment building

First, let's figure out what is the current repair of engineering systems, and what is a major one? Based on this, their difference from each other will be clearer, which is very important for understanding the issue itself.

Current repairs of engineering systems are carried out as planned, the purpose of which is to restore operability, partially restore their service life, which is expressed in the replacement or repair of certain components, which are expressly stated in the relevant regulations.

Such work is aimed at preventing wear, i.e. are in some way preventative.

Current work includes foundation repairs. This list includes: sealing seams and cracks, replacing foundation and wall cladding, repairing ventilation systems, etc., walls, roofs, replacing floor waterproofing, etc.

In a word, the current work is more like a cosmetic renovation, when the appearance of the building and entrance is partially restored.

The thing is that a major overhaul of the engineering systems of an apartment building means a complete replacement of these systems, each of which has its own operational life, after which major work must be carried out. In this case, the work will be carried out in the same areas as the current ones, but with a complete replacement of the main systems...

Replacement of electrical wiring in an apartment building 2020

Removing furniture with partial discarding, removing old flooring and, possibly, the floor itself, tearing off old wallpaper, dismantling old plumbing, interior doors... And this is just the beginning. Next on the schedule is the replacement of heating risers, hot water supply, hot water supply and sewerage, work on leveling walls, floors and ceilings, replacement of doors and windows, installation of new coatings for the same walls, floors and ceilings.

In the case of laying cables in grooves, you can not use any pipes, but install the lines “as is” using plastic dowel clamps. In this case, however, the formal requirement for the replacement of wiring will be violated, but this requirement can actually be neglected in favor of labor productivity and lower cost of work.

Frequency

As mentioned earlier, each engineering system of an apartment building has its own service life. This information is clearly displayed in the technical regulations, which read as follows:

Central heating system - 25 years.
Replacement of hot water supply risers during major repairs - 30 years (if the risers are not galvanized, then 15 years).
Cold water supply risers - 30 years (if the pipes are not galvanized, then 15 years).
Overhaul of the power supply system - 20 years.
Sewerage - 60 years (if the pipes are ceramic or plastic) and 40 years (if the pipes are cast iron).
Roofing - depending on the material. Accordingly, a roof made of slate lasts 30 years, one made of galvanized steel - 15 years, and one made of rolled materials - about 10 years.

The above figures are the wear and tear of the main engineering systems of the building. Accordingly, capital work must be carried out after this period, including a complete replacement of the structural components of each system.

Volgograd

The reform of the Russian housing and communal services is in full swing. The implementation of the federal housing capital repair program is in full swing, which has already covered thousands of apartment buildings in the country. However, many owners still do not have a clear idea of what work should and can be carried out in their homes. Unfortunately, some unscrupulous contractors take advantage of this, allowing serious deviations from the project and estimates. To prevent this from happening, every resident must clearly understand what exactly they can count on as part of the capital repair program.

The composition and scope of repair work are regulated by paragraph 3 of Article 15 of Federal Law No. 185-FZ “On the Fund for Assistance to the Reform of Housing and Communal Services.” However, the law provides only brief generalized formulations, which are not always understandable to a person who does not have special training. To get a more complete picture, you can refer to the text of the “Methodological recommendations for the formation of the scope of work for major repairs of apartment buildings, financed from funds provided by the Federal Law of July 21, 2007 No. 185-FZ” and some regulatory documents. Let us examine the main types of work (according to the text of the law) in more detail.

But first, let’s look at one of the features of the federal overhaul program. The fact is that, among other things, it was developed with the aim of increasing the energy efficiency of residential buildings. Therefore, almost all components of repair work are assessed from these positions. Residents should understand well that in the future all costs of maintaining the house will fall on their shoulders. It is they who will pay for the high heat consumption caused by the lack of energy-saving solutions and thermal automation in heating systems, heat leaks through cracks in the walls, as well as the exorbitant appetites of “gluttonous” electrical equipment. “In general, in the Russian housing and public utilities sector the average energy consumption is 229 kW/m2 per year, while in the EU countries it is 77 kW/m2. The difference is almost three times,” notes Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov.

Therefore, it is not just the fact of repair itself that is important, but the composition of the work and the quality of the materials used. “Many management companies are former housing offices and public health departments, which were reorganized only formally. Often they do not have professionals on their staff who know how to implement and maintain energy-saving equipment, and therefore are in no hurry to recommend its installation to residents, says Pavel Zhuravlev, Deputy General Director of Danfoss LLC and member of the expert council under the Housing and Communal Services and Construction Committee of the State Duma. “Only the homeowners themselves can direct the management company on the right path, because this is the only category of participants in major repairs interested in its results.” The decision to participate in the overhaul program is made by residents; they are participants in shared financing, and therefore have every right to intervene in the process at any stage. If the management company shows excessive “obstinacy”, then by decision of the general meeting the contract with it can be terminated early.

Repair of in-house engineering systems of electrical, heat, gas, water supply, and wastewater disposal, including the installation of metering devices.

Perhaps, the replacement of utility networks is the most complex and important stage of a major overhaul, so we should dwell on it in more detail. For each of the listed types of communications, the standards set a certain wear period. For example, for heating systems with a closed water supply (double-circuit) it is 25 years, and for open ones - 153. For hot water supply risers, these periods are equal to 30 and 20 years, respectively (15 and 10 - if the pipes are not galvanized). For cold water supply systems in residential buildings, a 30-year service life is specified (15 for non-galvanized pipelines). Replacement of intra-house and intra-apartment electrical wiring is recommended every 20 and 40 years of operation, respectively, and internal gas pipelines require inspection after the 20th year of service. The most “long-lasting” element on this list is sewerage. Plastic and ceramic pipes last at least 60 years, and cast iron pipes - 40.

If we are talking about modernizing heating systems, then an integrated approach is needed: replacing worn out communications and installing energy-efficient equipment. As the experience of , the world's leading manufacturer of energy-saving equipment for heating systems and heat supply of buildings, shows, savings on payments for thermal energy in this case can reach 35-45%. One example is the result of modernizing the heat supply system of residential building No. 29 on the street. Lenin in Beloretsk. Here, the owners saved an average of 2,700 rubles for each apartment during one heating season. This became possible thanks to the replacement of several elevator units at the Danfoss automated heating station and the installation of automatic balancing valves on all risers. In addition, all batteries were equipped with automatic radiator thermostats, i.e. Residents were given the opportunity to independently regulate the temperature in their apartments.

Repair or replacement of elevator equipment deemed unsuitable for operation; if necessary, repair of elevator shafts.

Elevators are a sore spot in many residential buildings. Their standard service life is 25 years. However, here, as in other cases, the various elements of the system need to be examined separately. For example, the power supply network for elevator equipment requires repairs every 15 years.

The choice of elevator equipment must be approached thoroughly, because it will be used for many years. Vandal-proof elevator cabins, all parts of which have a metal surface coated with a special paint that is resistant to mechanical stress, have recently become increasingly popular. Energy efficiency indicators are also important. For example, new elevators from the Pyshminsky Elevator Plant consume 40% less electricity compared to some analogues.

Roof repair.

In this case, it all depends on the roofing material. “The minimum service life of roofs made of galvanized steel is 15 years, of black steel - 10 years, of slate - 30 years, of rolled materials - 10 years,” explains Sergei Tomashevsky, deputy chairman of the Housing Committee of St. Petersburg.

The Housing and Communal Services Assistance Fund insists not only on the use of energy-efficient solutions, but also on improving the operational characteristics of residential buildings6. This involves the use of durable and wear-resistant materials that can ensure a long service life of the structures and systems being repaired. For example, when replacing soft roofs today, weld-on bitumen-polymer coatings are widely used, mainly “isoplast”, which have an optimal price-quality ratio. Despite the higher cost, this material lasts much longer than the well-known roofing material, and therefore turns out to be more profitable in operation.

Repair of basements belonging to common property in apartment buildings.

There are no special standards here. The basement includes the foundation, load-bearing floors of the first floor, internal walls, porches, as well as numerous elements of utility lines located inside. There are separate standards for all this.

Hydro- and thermal insulation of the foundation and basements deserves special attention, because... Not only energy efficiency depends on this, but also (literally) the sustainability of the entire building. Therefore, the basement must be examined with special care. You also need to study its sanitary condition. Many basements are occupied by mold and mildew, and also serve as a haven for rats and cockroaches. Residents of the first floors of some houses suffer from fleas, which creates a real epidemiological threat. Therefore, an additional argument in favor of repairing the basement may be the conclusion of the sanitary inspection authorities.

Insulation and repair of facades.

The standard service life of a plaster facade is at least 20-30 years. In other cases, it is determined not only by building codes, but also by the characteristics of the local climate. Renewal of sealed panel joints should be done every 8-15 years, depending on the type of mastic used, and painting of the facade should be done every 3-6 years.

The characteristics of the new facade largely determine the energy efficiency of the building, and therefore the size of heating bills after switching to calculations based on heat meter readings. For example, the use of Thermo-Shield coating made it possible to increase the thermal insulation properties of the facades of some residential buildings in Yekaterinburg by more than 1.5 times. Of course, all of the above is true only if a set of energy-saving measures has been taken in the house, including the installation of control automation in the heating system. Otherwise, insulation will not provide any economic effect. Moreover, constant “heating” and, as a result, open windows in apartments can ultimately lead not to a reduction, but to an increase in heating payments.

Of course, there are many more different standards and technical conditions; we have listed only a few of them. To compile a complete report on the condition of the house, an examination is necessary. Based on its results, a decision is made on the scope of repair work. In the “Methodological Guidelines” issued by the state corporation “Housing and Communal Services Assistance Fund”, major repairs are divided into comprehensive and selective. In the first case, a wider range of work is carried out (as a rule, all of the above). As part of a selective renovation, individual elements of the house are modernized.

One more circumstance should be taken into account. “Regulatory documents define only the minimum service life,” explains Oleg Samodumov, head of the housing and communal services department in Kemerovo. “If the risers are in order, there is no need to change them.” However, the expiration of the “warranty” period in any case serves as a formal reason for including the replacement of the heating system in the preliminary estimate. Whether to carry out reconstruction or not can only be determined by a technical examination, which is carried out by decision of the municipal authorities and issues an appropriate conclusion. By the way, owners have the right to order an independent examination, and this applies to the examination of any systems and structures of the building.

But the most important thing that residents should remember is that they will have to pay only 5% of the cost of work and materials. For example, if replacing the heating system in a typical five-story building (including installation of a block heating unit, automatic balancing valves on all risers and thermostats on each heating radiator) costs approximately 400-500 thousand rubles, then it will cost residents only 20-25 thousand . rub. (250-300 rubles from each apartment). Moreover, in the very first heating season, if heat meters are installed, savings on heat payments can amount to 2-3 thousand rubles. for an apartment.

A major renovation is an opportunity not only to put your house in order for a purely nominal fee, but also to quickly recoup the investment. This is not so difficult to do, the main thing is to understand what you can count on. Studying some regulatory documents, as well as the experience of other owners and recommendations of specialists will help in this. If any questions still remain unanswered, you can always contact the Housing and Communal Services Reform Fund for help by calling the hotline, regular mail, or email. In addition, you need to remember that the program is scheduled to be implemented until January 1, 2012, so it makes sense not to put off the decision to participate in it indefinitely.

How to request ahead of time?

According to the regulations, major repairs of a building's engineering systems, for example, major repairs of a pipeline, can be carried out ahead of schedule only if a real threat to the life and health of the residents of a particular building is proven.

To make this possible, changes need to be made to the regional program, i.e. local government bodies, management organizations or homeowners' associations must submit an application to the relevant executive authority that deals with this issue.

Naturally, the decision to carry out major repairs earlier will be made only after a series of inspections and examinations of the condition of the building.

It is worth noting that to request repair of engineering systems you need to write a statement. It is designed in a free style according to the generally accepted pattern.

When starting to write an application, you should start by drawing up a header, which states to whom the application is being sent (position, company name), followed by the surname, first name and patronymic of the manager, the applicant’s initials, address and contact telephone number).

The body of the application states the essence of the problem (for example, a major overhaul of heating networks is required), indicates when the last inspection was carried out, and adds descriptions of the condition of engineering systems. This is followed by the date and signature of the applicant.

As a rule, you have to wait 10 working days for a response from the management company, which is REU, ZhEK or REMP.