Calculation of property tax for individuals and legal entities

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2020-03-12

One of the mandatory fees for Russian citizens is the tax when purchasing real estate, the amount of which is calculated based on the algorithms specified in the current legislative documents. We will tell you in more detail about how to calculate property taxes in 2020 in this article.

Owners of apartments, dachas, private houses, apartments, parking lots, garages, industrial and commercial premises, unfinished buildings and other construction projects, data on which are entered into the unified database of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation, are required to pay such a fee.

The legislative framework

Real estate taxation is a mandatory fee established by government law. It obliges individuals and legal entities who have Russian citizenship and have reached the age of eighteen to pay taxes on property assets.

According to Federal Law No. 2003-1, which was in force until January 1, 2015, in order to calculate real estate tax, it was necessary to conduct an inventory assessment. Based on the value received, the tax rate was calculated.

Since 2020, new amendments have been added to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, based on which the procedures for calculating the tax have radically changed, which has significantly increased the burden on citizens. Now the tax on the purchase of real estate should be determined based on the price indicated in the extract from the Unified State Register or a certificate of cadastral value.

Important!

You can find out the cadastral value (inventory valuation) by ordering an extract from the Unified State Register on our website.

According to statistical data, the price of an object according to such an extract is approximately equal to its price on the real estate market. However, if the owner does not agree with the price assigned by the cadastre, then he has every right to challenge the valuation of the property in court.

What formula is used?

Algorithms for calculating tax collection are established by federal legislative documents. You can calculate the amount of property tax using the following formula:

Tax fee = (Cost according to extract from the Unified State Register - Tax deduction) x Share size x Tax rate

In order to fully use the calculation formula, you need to find out in advance the price according to the cadastre, which is indicated in a special extract from the Unified State Register of Real Estate. In addition to this information, the extract contains information about the owner of the object, drawings and diagrams of the object, as well as other important information about the property.

Below we will consider the remaining components of the form that will be required to carry out the calculations.

How to calculate property taxes in 2020

The new tax will be levied on the cadastral value of the property. Before 2020, it was levied on book value. All buildings, structures, structures, and any premises, both residential and non-residential, are subject to taxation. In addition, land plots and unfinished construction projects will be considered the taxable base.

The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation will introduce a new real estate tax in 2020, which will replace the current land tax and property tax. for calculating real estate taxes will change accordingly . The so-called luxury level is established. If your apartment, house, or plot costs more than this amount, then the tax rate will be higher. Real estate worth more than 300 million rubles is legally considered luxury.

Tax deduction

This indicator is represented by the amount deducted by the owner from the total tax amount. Within the Russian Federation, this is profit subject to a tax rate of 13%.

The amount of compensation is determined based on the type of object subject to tax:

for private houses - the cost is compensated 50;
for apartments – 20;
for rooms – 10.

It is important to take into account that the regional government can set the amounts of deductions that differ from the state ones. Before applying for compensation, it is recommended to study the legislation of the region in which you are located.

Tax rate

This indicator is one of the most significant components of the formula. Municipal authorities of each region set their own rates. You can find out its size by contacting the local branch of the Federal Tax Service or by visiting the official website of the Federal Tax Service, selecting the region in which you are located.

It is important to consider that the calculated rate cannot be more than:

0.1% – for parking spaces, garages, unfinished buildings and residential buildings;
0.1-0.3% – real estate priced from 300 to 500 million rubles;
0.3-2.0% – for property exceeding the price of 500 million rubles.

Calculator for calculating property tax for individuals in 2020 online

0.1% for houses, apartments, rooms, garages, parking spaces, unfinished objects;
2% for non-residential property, commercial and administrative centers, as well as objects with a value of more than 300 million rubles;
0.5% for other objects.

As we have already said, in addition to the official one, there are other online calculators. We recommend using them only if the Federal Tax Service website is unavailable for technical reasons. For example, you can find a “mirror” of the official calculator on the State Taxes website. There you will need to enter the same data as on the Federal Tax Service website.

Who should pay property tax?

The obligation to pay the tax fee annually is assigned to individuals in whose name the following objects are registered:

private houses;
parking spaces or garages;
rooms;
apartments;
real estate complexes;
unfinished;
other types of real estate.

Note! Public facilities (elevators, basements and attics, roofs and staircases) are not subject to fees, since they are not assigned to any specific owner, but are public property. The right to use these facilities is granted to all residents.

Taxation applies to buildings erected on land plots allocated for gardens and vegetable gardens, as well as non-commercial subsidiary farming and individual housing construction. This means that such owners are obliged to pay a fee, the amount of which is equal to the standard taxation of residential properties.

Calculation of property tax based on cadastral value

The obligation to calculate property taxes for individuals and convey information to taxpayers is the direct responsibility of the Federal Tax Service. Notifications are sent to the addresses of property owners.

According to the latest amendments to the current legislation, the fee is calculated based on the cadastral value determined by the regional authorities. The final transition to the updated tax system is planned from 01/01/2021. This period is set aside for a comfortable transition to a new property valuation technology for all property owners.

Calculate tax for FREE

In the context of a recession in real estate, alternatives to such a law must be proposed, otherwise a person becomes a hostage to the situation, because often the cadastral valuation is tens of times higher than the real market value. A person cannot get rid of real estate; even renting it out cannot recoup the cadastral tax.

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Government officials say that such a tax system is relevant all over the world. Previously in Russia, calculations for real estate were based on the residual value, and not on the market value. The main purpose of the transition to cadastral registration is the desire to equate the estimated value of a residential property with the market value.

An example of calculating tax based on cadastral value

To understand how to correctly calculate property taxes for 2020, let’s look at the taxation procedure using a specific example.

For example, citizen N. is a shared owner in an apartment. His share is 50%. Real estate with an area of 100 is valued according to the cadastral passport at 6,000,000 rubles. According to current federal laws, the tax deduction for such housing will be 2,400,000. The municipal authorities have set a rate of 0.1%.

You can determine the amount of the tax fee by substituting the available data into the formula:

Tax = (6,000,000 - 2,400,000) x 0.001x 0.5

After doing the calculations, you can determine that the amount of the fee to the Federal Tax Service will be 1,800 rubles.

To carry out calculations with maximum accuracy, perform the calculation several times. When working with a formula, it is important to use only the data that is relevant today.

Note! The estimated cadastral value must be taken into account before calculating the tax on the sale of real estate.

How to calculate your house tax

Any real estate transactions are regulated by the Land and Civil Code established in Russia. Payments from real estate transactions are calculated in accordance with the articles of the Tax Code. According to the article of the Tax Code, every citizen has responsibilities and benefits. The Tax Code specifies all areas of life - here you can find out how to return tax for treatment, as well as the amount and rules for calculating mandatory tax payments on profits received. Selling a home is one type of profit on which you will need to pay taxes. According to an article of the tax code, after the sale of a house it will be necessary to pay 13% of the amount for which the house was sold. However, if you take into account some features and situations when selling and know how to calculate the tax on a house, you can pay much less tax than indicated or not pay it at all.

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Let's look at an example of how to calculate the tax on a house located in the Belgorod region. Let's say the local BTI appraised the house for 750,000 rubles. In this case, the maximum tax rate should not exceed 2.0% of the value of the house. For example, if the house is located in Belgorod, then the rate will be 2%, and if the house is located in the Belgorod region, Valuyki, then the rate will be 0.55% of the cost of the house.

Features of calculating property tax during the transition period

Not all regions of the Russian Federation have yet switched to this form of tax collection calculation. According to the Federal Tax Service's plans to calculate property taxes in 2020

under the new system there will be 7 more new regions.

Since the state system is currently undergoing a transition process, the law officially allows the use of a deterrent coefficient. For the current year, the size of the mentioned coefficient is 0.8, which is equal to last year’s figure. Such rules apply exclusively for this year and cannot be applied to calculate real estate tax based on cadastral value in 2020 and subsequent years. From the beginning of 2020, owners will be required to pay the full rate.

Real estate tax: changes in legislation

As before, new property taxes from 2020 will be charged on apartments, private houses, garden and country buildings, garages, unfinished properties and commercial buildings. Payment must be made by the owner and not by the tenant or user.

Tax rates are set at the federal level. However, this basic size can be even increased tenfold (for commercial properties) locally. As of today, the rates under the new property tax law from 2020 are as follows:

Calculation according to the new rules for the first 4 years

For situations where the amount on the cadastral passport (CP) is greater than the inventory value (IV), the government has developed a special calculation form that helps reduce the rapid increase in the tax burden. Miscalculations are made by substituting data into the formula:

Tax burden = (Amount for CP - Amount for IP) x coefficient + Amount for CP

These rules will be relevant until 2021. From the beginning of next year, all calculations will be performed exclusively based on cadastre data.

Tax calculation when donating real estate

This is one of the most complex procedures encountered in the legal field. It is important to realize that not all citizens will need it, since persons on whom the deed of gift is registered are exempt from taxes:

minors;
brothers and sisters;
parents;
grandparents;
grandchildren;
guardians.

If, when donating real estate, you do not fall into any of the categories listed above, then you will need to pay the tax fee for the gifted real estate in full.

According to current legislation, calculations when registering a donation can be made both according to the cadastral value and according to the amount specified in the deed of gift. When carrying out such a procedure, it is important to know the following points:

the deed of gift may indicate the estimated amount of the property or its share. In such a situation, experts will compare the price according to the cadastre and the price proposed in the donation agreement;
if the deed of gift price is less than 70% of that indicated in the cadastral department, calculations are made based on 70% of the cadastral price;
a citizen receiving property under a deed of gift must provide the Federal Tax Service with a 3-NDFL declaration no later than April 30 of the following year. In some cases, filing a return is not associated with paying tax. Such features are established by municipal authorities, and you can find them out directly at the Federal Tax Service at your place of residence.

Calculation of property tax for individuals

Algorithms and formulas by which the tax on non-residential real estate and residential property of individuals can be calculated are prescribed in federal legislation. Detailed information about calculation methods and detailed formulas have been presented above.

However, some categories of citizens are exempt from paying real estate taxes. This right is enshrined in state laws and applies to all persons with Russian citizenship who belong to certain categories of citizens.

Calculation of penalties on tax payments

It is very important to take into account the tax period, which for everyone without exception is a calendar year (this is specified in paragraph 1 of Article 379 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Having found out what corporate property tax is in the online calculator, but not having time to pay it on time, penalties begin to accrue. This is not a big deal if you correct the situation immediately and return the money. The longer you delay, the more you will have to pay in addition to the principal debt.

Using the online calculator, you can not only calculate the property tax of an organization, but also the penalty for it. The calculator presented on the Pravio website is very convenient both for professionals who want to check the accuracy of their calculations, and for beginners who do not have enough experience to perform all the calculations on their own. And thanks to the virtual tool, all manipulations can be done in a few seconds. This does not require special skills or knowledge - just have a set of necessary information and the ability to indicate it in the required fields. The system will do the rest.

Benefits for individuals

The amendments made to federal laws practically did not affect preferential categories of citizens who are exempt from paying property taxes. The right to the benefit can be used only for one object in each of the real estate groups.

From 03/01/2015 the following were exempted from property tax:

citizens who have lost their breadwinner while serving;
family members of military personnel who died in the line of duty;
creative workers working in equipped premises (studios, galleries, libraries, exhibitions, etc.);
owners of living space up to 50, built on plots allocated for the organization of gardens, vegetable gardens and other subsidiary farming (only if the results of such farming are used for personal purposes);
pensioners (60 years old for men and 55 years old for women) receiving benefits from the state;
persons affected by the Semipalatinsk radiation disaster;
combat veterans;
citizens who took part in the Second World War and Civil Wars, as well as persons who survived other military actions to defend the Soviet Union (headquarters employees, intelligence officers, etc.);
Heroes of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation, having the Order of Glory of three degrees;
military personnel who went through Afghan combat operations;
military personnel who have served at least 20 years and were transferred to the reserve due to age;
persons who defended populated areas during the Second World War (the list is specified in the legislation).

Preferential benefits are provided only after submitting an application and consideration of the candidacy. You can submit an application for benefits to the Federal Tax Service at your place of residence. To confirm your right to claim tax exemption, you will need to provide a certain list of documentation.

What is the tax on apartments in Moscow

As has already been indicated, the costs of developers building apartments under 214-FZ are higher due to the additional infrastructure load and project financing, and the price may rise. In the case of business class and luxury segment apartments, interest in them will remain, since the determining factors for buyers here are most often the location, concept, architecture and image of the project. But the buyer is still not ready to lose a pleasant difference in price.

When to pay

5 years or more – sales are not taxed;
less than 5 years - tax is collected in the amount of 13% of the difference between the purchase price and the sale price of the object. This period is reduced to 3 years if the object was received by inheritance or donation;
the seller has access to a tax deduction when selling “other property” in accordance with the Tax Code. 250 thousand rubles are deducted from the tax base (i.e., you will be able to save 250,000 X 13% - 32,500 rubles).

disabled people of groups 1 and 2;
war participants;
property owners who have the right to receive certain social support;
military personnel and family members who have lost their breadwinner;
people who received radiation sickness during government programs or tests;
Heroes of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.

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Now the amounts paid for real estate are linked to the valuation in cadastral documents. Let us recall that previously the inventory estimated value of real estate was used to calculate fiscal payments. However, since the spring of 2020, some Russians began to receive new payment documents requiring them to carry out budget calculations before October, and from 2020, all property owners in the country must follow new tax rules. Well, let's find out how the reform is progressing and what new things can be expected in this area in 2020!

Tax benefits in the Moscow region

To calculate the tax, you need to know the cadastral value of the taxable object. You can determine the cadastral value of an apartment (house, land plot) on the Rosreestr website (https://rosreestr.ru/wps/portal/online_request), indicating the cadastral number of the property, and then independently calculate the tax amount using the formula using a calculator.

When calculating property tax for individuals, based on the cadastral value of the property, the cadastral value at the beginning of the tax period is taken. For example, if the tax is calculated for 2020, then it is necessary to take the cadastral value as of January 1, 2020.

Commercial real estate tax calculation

Real estate used by the owner for business purposes that generate income for the owner is also subject to taxes. The category of commercial property includes:

residential premises for rent;
shopping and entertainment centers;
office and administrative premises;
restaurants, bars and cafes;
catering canteens;
warehouses;
workshops, etc.

The tax on commercial real estate must be calculated by taking into account its average annual value, or at the price indicated in the cadastral passport. For cadastre calculations, the tax rate is taken, the amount of which, as well as the payment deadlines, is determined by the municipal authorities. The same scheme is used to answer the question of how to calculate sales tax on commercial real estate. When selling, the cost according to the cadastral passport is taken into account.